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The use of mobile covering systems
in order to absorb the smells is a very interesting solution for
the problem of the daily covering even during a short period of
time when the organic material is still put on the landfill.
At the moment the most used method
applied to the urban litters landfills consists in covering
periodically (even every day) the deposited waste materials with
a layer of earth and/or with an inert material.
In this way the landfills are made with alternate layer of
garbage (thickness varying from 0,5 to 2 metres each) and inert
material (thickness from 0,1 to 0,3 metres each). When the
volume of the whole heap has reached the authorised capacity
everything is covered by a layer of material suitable to be used
as road and / or as a yard.
The systems used to make the daily
covering must be carried out as follows:
- The environmental condition hasn't to be ruined
- The problem of pollutant spread by wind must be eliminated
- The emission of smell must be reduced
- The entry of insects and animals inside the landfills must be
restricted.
Actually the daily deposit of inert
material or earth sometimes even very argillaceous, on the waste
materials involves many disadvantages such as:
- The non exploitation of one side of the landfill occupied by
the inert material
or earth.
- Difficult retrieval of earth or inert material in some places
where there are landfills
- Expensive shipping and labour
- The huge work doesn't meet a satisfying result of the means of
work during the rainy period. In this period the covering of the
garbage is really difficult because the earth is completely
imbued with water. As a consequence the strength of the workers
doesn't obtain a good result even using different kinds of means.
- Dangerous bags of bio-gas can develop between the layers.
A second method used consists in
covering the garbage with simple plastic tarpaulin, above all as
protection from the atmospheric precipitation in order to avoid
the increasing of leachate.
A third method consists in spraying
the surface of garbage with particular kind of enzymes. They are
very useful to capture and metabolise the exhalations.
In spite of these devices the exhalations are able to reach the
atmosphere. The volume will depend from the atmospheric
conditions, owing to the scarcely filtrating efficacy of the
earth or of the inert material overlapped (in the first case),
the effect of the only covering (in the second case), the
enzymatic effect limited to just the superficial layer (in the
third case).
Inside the treatment
installation and in the plants involved with the accumulation of
discarded organic fluid substances the only way used just now
consists in putting under the soil the containers of fluid
materials or making them mechanically tight. The results are
economically heavy and very often inadequate. |